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No.168 |
CHINA SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
NEWSLETTER
The Ministry of Science and Technology
People's Republic of China
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| N0.168 |
November 10,1998 |
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IN THIS ISSUE
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Chinese Scientists Walking Through Yaluzangbu Grand Canyon
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China's Full Fledged Color TV Production System
-
China will Refine its Industrial Policies to Support High Tech Sectors
-
China's Super VCD Technical Standards
-
China's Synchysis Preservation of Bovine Embryo
-
New Breakthroughs for Cabbage Growing
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Chinese Scientists Walking Through
Yaluzangbu Grand Canyon
An expedition team membered of 20 and move scientists and mountain climbers will literally walk through the grand canyon over Yaluzangbu river valley, the largest of its kind in the world. It will take about 50 days to complete the expedition.
The said grand canyon is located in the southern section of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the highest one in the world. As shown by the results of actual survey made by Chinese scientists in 1994, the canyon has a total length of 496.2 km and average depth 5000 meters, much longer than the world renowned Grand Canyon in Colorado USA and deeper than Kerlka Canyon in Peru.
The expert from State Surveying and Mapping Bureau who is also the member of the expedition team said they will use GPS and laser range finder to define the accurate depth and wideness of the canyon and the result will be published to the public.
The expedition will arrive at its headquarters in Zhaqu, the tip of U shaped canyon in the first place and then head for upper and lower reaches of the canyon on foot respectively.
It is reported that local folks used to see a massive waterfall 60 meters high and 150 meters wide.
Scientists participated in the expedition including Ms. Li Leshi, a renowned Hong Kong explorer and Vice Chairman of China Association of Scientific Expeditions are from different disciplines covering atmospheric sciences, water resources, botany, zoology, topography, glaciology and environment.
Professor Yang Yichou of geography said many new discoveries will be made on botany and zoology since it is the first expedition of this nature in the country, which will provide valuable data for scientific research. In addition, scientists will investigate rich water and tourism resources in the area so as to formulate a sustainable development plan for the locality. The expedition team conducted pre-expedition investigation in April 1998. Prof. Yang said the canyon is now in dry season with little precipitation, desirable for the smooth and safe traveling.
A group of cameramen and journalists will travel with the team. It is disclosed that the documentary film on the expedition will be released to the public when it is available.
China's Full Fledged Color
TV Production System
The data provided by China's Ministry of Information Industry has shown that a full fledged color TV production system has been established in this country.
In 1980, China only had one color TV assembly line in Tianjin with its kinescope mainly imported from foreign countries. Thanks to a decade and more development , China now has established an integrated color TV production system composed of 90 manufacturers producing color TV sets, nearly 20 manufacturers making color kinescopes and several hundreds TV components. The localization rate of color TV products have reached 80% and same rate for individual color TV set may reach 100%.
Up to date, China has witnessed remarkably improved series process of its color TV products. In addition to its wide specifications ranging from 14 to 34 inches, Xiahua TV Manufacturer is also able to produce smaller specifications such as 10 and 12 inches. 38 inch color TV sets manufactured by Konka and Peony, 41 inch sets by Furi and 54 inch sets by Hualu have been successfully developed and sold in market. Chinese made color TV sets have basically met its domestic demand.
China's TV output ran ahead of that by US for the first time in 1994 and became the largest country in the world producing TV sets. Last year China recorded it's TV output as 35.13 million, of which 26.43 million are color sets, 131 % and 822% up respectively against 2.492 million and 32,100 sets in 1980. In comparison with its output volume, China's TV production capacity is even larger. As shown by the statistics of former Ministry of Electronics Industry, at the end of last year, China's TV production capacity had reached 65.07 million, of which the capacity for color TV counted for 44.79 million. In the meanwhile of enjoying increasing output volume, enterprises have further expanded their production scales. As a result, several large manufacturers who are able to produce 1 million sets a year have become the pillar in electronic industry. According to the list of top hundred Chinese electronic industry enterprises published in April 1998, Changhong, Shanghai Guangdian, Konka and Caihong ranked in the first four places.
China has forged its own research capabilities for color TV development . So far, some large color TV manufacturers such as Panda, Changhong and Konka have created their own research centers that have not only worked out new products tailored to market demand but also been able to develop world advanced new products in line with the latest international development in the field. To meet the challenges of digitalization and networking trends, Nanjing based Panda, Xi'an based Huanghe and Hangzhou based Xihu TV manufacturers have worked out their digital color TV sets with Panda, Haixin and Chuangwei multi-media TV sets. Shenzhen S&T Development Corp. has developed plasma TV plate screen. These have demonstrated China's capability in tracing after the latest international development and producing its own new products. As assessed by authoritative experts in the sector, China's color TV industry is only three years behind that of international color TV giants such as Sony and Phillips. However, some large Chinese TV manufacturers have made their products comparable against Japan's JVC, Sharp and Sanyo and Korea's Golden Star, Samsung and Daewoo. For some high tech TV products, some large Chinese manufacturers even have a better record than their above mentioned counterparts. Along with the expanded production capacity and in creasing output, China's color TV production has not only met its domestic needs but also further increased its export volume. China has ended an era in which most of its color TV sets had to be imported from abroad.
China will Refine its Industrial Policies
to Support High Tech Sectors
It was revealed that the state will refine its policies to support the development of the following three sectors:
1. Encourage the development of high and new technology industries
Accelerate the transformation of manufacturing industry with modern technology, techniques and equipment. The state will work out taxation holiday policies for importation of high and new tech equipment and is in the process of formulating industrial technical policies to define the development orientation in an explicit manner and major technology categories for different sectors. In the meanwhile , the state will formulate a number of preferential policies relating to taxation, fund raising and tariff.
2. Vigorously support the development of utility infrastructures
The infrastructures mentioned here may basically grouped into two major sectors: public infrastructures serving for public interests and the ones aiming at reaping economic benefits while taking into account social benefits such as express highway, power grid network, telecommunication, power, water and gas supply and other projects whose net capital return is bigger than zero. The state has published a number of corresponding policies in the spirit of giving quick approval for priority projects, continuously taking advantage of price mechanism, promoting supply and readjusting demand, reorganizing, encouraging competition, attracting foreign investment, especially direct investment, extending BOT approaches and other forms of fund raising and encouraging the participation of non-state-owned sectors in infrastructure development. In the meanwhile, it is necessary for the state to prepare well planned blue print so as to avoid redundant construction, monopoly and excessive competition. How far the sector may go will be determined by the reform of capital raising mechanism. The reform is not only related to project approval system but also to the development of capital market such as industrial investment funds, fund raising among enterprises and priority investment.
3. Promote construction of residential areas so as to realize commercial process of residential buildings.
China's Super VCD Technical Standards
China's Ministry of Information Industry published its first technical standards for Chinese made super VCD machines and made its debut date November 1, 1998.
It is briefed by the officials from the Ministry that the socalled super VCD is an improved advanced VCD system integrated with new designs and features. By taking full advantage of current VCD manufacturing technology and resources and ISO 908 standard for its physical recording format (memory 650 M), the new system has been applied with MPEG2 logical format for its picture processing so as to make the system work out the high resolution compatible with current TV products in the country. It has four sound tracks or two stereo sound tracks. It may also record looping sound effects and handle picture and text overlapping. The machine is of a 2X disc reading speed.
Officials from Ministry of Information Industry added that VCD products manufactured in accordance with the new standards will be named as Super VCD and all manufacturers who producing either CVD or SVCD products shall change in the direction defined by the new standards. To protect consumers interests and regulate the market, discs and players using super VCD technical specifications shall be labeled with unified marks. Authorities concerned will organize supervisions over super VCD products and manufacturers in accordance with the new standards.
China's Synchysis Preservation
of Bovine Embryo
It was reported that during the period from July 3 to August 2, 1998 five cows gave births to 6 hybrid calves in Diqiu Cattle Farm, Linzhang County, Hebei Province. The said development earmarked the successful development of a new biological technology for embryo preservation: synchysis preservation of bovine embryo.
Collaborating with Zhu Shien, an associate professor of China University of Agriculture, the research group headed by Prof. Sang Runzi, Hebei University of Agriculture successfully developed highly efficient and low toxicant vitreous humor made of polymers and ribose. Instead of using expensive embryo freezing humor, the vitreous humor is able to complete the freezing preservation of bovine embryo in a few minutes, which changed the traditional freezing method that may take several hours to complete the process. Started from last October, they have worked on excessive ovulation of eight imported cows. Seven days after being inseminated, embryos were collected non-surgically from cows' uteri. 12 healthy embryos were selected and preserved in vitreous humor. All 12 defrozen embryos that had been kept in liquid nitrogen for 1 to 13 days have been proven usable. The embryos were then transplanted non-surgically into 9 cows with five of them getting pregnant.
New Breakthroughs for Cabbage Growing
The research group headed by Mr. Fang Zhiyuan, an academician of Chinese Academy of Engineering and Director of Institute of Vegetables, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences have developed the dominant male sterile line of cabbages, first of its kind in the world by using internationally advanced research methods and means on the basis of its newly discovered cabbage's dominant male sterile materials. In the meanwhile, they have established a complete process to develop new hybrids by taking advantage of cabbage male sterile line, through which they have developed fine hybrid combinations.
Having discovered male sterile lines 79-399 in natural cabbage community, the group have studied and proved that fact that the infertility of the material is controlled by a pair of major dominant genes. They successfully developed pure dominant sterile lines of stable feature and dominant male sterile line. In the meanwhile, they developed a complete new process of nurturing new generation cabbage by using male sterile line. So far they have successfully screened out next generation hybrids of cabbage through the process and nurtured a number of fine hybrid combinations of early ripening and high yield features. The male sterile line developed by the group is better than that reported so far both at home and abroad with its sterile rate reaching 100% and hybrid rate 100%. The experiment has demonstrated its fine major economic indicators with normal blooming and fruit bearing and without yellowing during sterile period.
Internet Users Top 1M
Users of the Internet in China have grown rapidly, the number of registered customers currently reaching 1.06 million.
So far this year, 400,000 new accounts have been opened, equal to the figure for the whole of last year. Since 1994, when the China Science and Technology Network was linked directly to the Internet, four public servers have been set up .
There are 518,000 computers currently connected to the Internet, among which 78,000 are directly linked with 270,000 users; another 440,000 computers and 79 0,000 users are connected by dialing. More than half of the users are students and people engaged in computer, education and scientific research. However, nearly 30 percent of the users hope to get information about entertainment and recreation. Experts believe that as the Internet becomes more popular, users of the consumption type will become the mainstream.
As the Internet develops in China, information available in Chinese has greatly increased. By the end of May, 8,274 Chinese organizations including enterprises, government departments, scientific research institutions have registered their websites. More and more users are searching for information in Chinese as a Chinese search engine has become available.
Comments or inquiries on editorial matters or Newsletter content should be directed to:Mr. Dong Jianlong, Department of International Cooperation, MOST 15B, Fuxing Road Beijing 100862, PR China Tel: (8610)68512650 Fax: (8610) 68512594, or Mr. Wang Jianping, Editor,NEWSLETTER, 15 Fuxing Road Beijing 100038, PR China, Tel:(8610) 68515544 Ext. 2921
CHINA SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
NEWSLETTER
The Ministry of Science and Technology
People's Republic of China
|
| N0.168 |
November 10,1998 |
|
|
|
|
IN THIS ISSUE
|
-
Chinese Scientists Walking Through Yaluzangbu Grand Canyon
-
China's Full Fledged Color TV Production System
-
China will Refine its Industrial Policies to Support High Tech Sectors
-
China's Super VCD Technical Standards
-
China's Synchysis Preservation of Bovine Embryo
-
New Breakthroughs for Cabbage Growing
|
Chinese Scientists Walking Through
Yaluzangbu Grand Canyon
An expedition team membered of 20 and move scientists and mountain climbers will literally walk through the grand canyon over Yaluzangbu river valley, the largest of its kind in the world. It will take about 50 days to complete the expedition.
The said grand canyon is located in the southern section of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the highest one in the world. As shown by the results of actual survey made by Chinese scientists in 1994, the canyon has a total length of 496.2 km and average depth 5000 meters, much longer than the world renowned Grand Canyon in Colorado USA and deeper than Kerlka Canyon in Peru.
The expert from State Surveying and Mapping Bureau who is also the member of the expedition team said they will use GPS and laser range finder to define the accurate depth and wideness of the canyon and the result will be published to the public.
The expedition will arrive at its headquarters in Zhaqu, the tip of U shaped canyon in the first place and then head for upper and lower reaches of the canyon on foot respectively.
It is reported that local folks used to see a massive waterfall 60 meters high and 150 meters wide.
Scientists participated in the expedition including Ms. Li Leshi, a renowned Hong Kong explorer and Vice Chairman of China Association of Scientific Expeditions are from different disciplines covering atmospheric sciences, water resources, botany, zoology, topography, glaciology and environment.
Professor Yang Yichou of geography said many new discoveries will be made on botany and zoology since it is the first expedition of this nature in the country, which will provide valuable data for scientific research. In addition, scientists will investigate rich water and tourism resources in the area so as to formulate a sustainable development plan for the locality. The expedition team conducted pre-expedition investigation in April 1998. Prof. Yang said the canyon is now in dry season with little precipitation, desirable for the smooth and safe traveling.
A group of cameramen and journalists will travel with the team. It is disclosed that the documentary film on the expedition will be released to the public when it is available.
China's Full Fledged Color
TV Production System
The data provided by China's Ministry of Information Industry has shown that a full fledged color TV production system has been established in this country.
In 1980, China only had one color TV assembly line in Tianjin with its kinescope mainly imported from foreign countries. Thanks to a decade and more development , China now has established an integrated color TV production system composed of 90 manufacturers producing color TV sets, nearly 20 manufacturers making color kinescopes and several hundreds TV components. The localization rate of color TV products have reached 80% and same rate for individual color TV set may reach 100%.
Up to date, China has witnessed remarkably improved series process of its color TV products. In addition to its wide specifications ranging from 14 to 34 inches, Xiahua TV Manufacturer is also able to produce smaller specifications such as 10 and 12 inches. 38 inch color TV sets manufactured by Konka and Peony, 41 inch sets by Furi and 54 inch sets by Hualu have been successfully developed and sold in market. Chinese made color TV sets have basically met its domestic demand.
China's TV output ran ahead of that by US for the first time in 1994 and became the largest country in the world producing TV sets. Last year China recorded it's TV output as 35.13 million, of which 26.43 million are color sets, 131 % and 822% up respectively against 2.492 million and 32,100 sets in 1980. In comparison with its output volume, China's TV production capacity is even larger. As shown by the statistics of former Ministry of Electronics Industry, at the end of last year, China's TV production capacity had reached 65.07 million, of which the capacity for color TV counted for 44.79 million. In the meanwhile of enjoying increasing output volume, enterprises have further expanded their production scales. As a result, several large manufacturers who are able to produce 1 million sets a year have become the pillar in electronic industry. According to the list of top hundred Chinese electronic industry enterprises published in April 1998, Changhong, Shanghai Guangdian, Konka and Caihong ranked in the first four places.
China has forged its own research capabilities for color TV development . So far, some large color TV manufacturers such as Panda, Changhong and Konka have created their own research centers that have not only worked out new products tailored to market demand but also been able to develop world advanced new products in line with the latest international development in the field. To meet the challenges of digitalization and networking trends, Nanjing based Panda, Xi'an based Huanghe and Hangzhou based Xihu TV manufacturers have worked out their digital color TV sets with Panda, Haixin and Chuangwei multi-media TV sets. Shenzhen S&T Development Corp. has developed plasma TV plate screen. These have demonstrated China's capability in tracing after the latest international development and producing its own new products. As assessed by authoritative experts in the sector, China's color TV industry is only three years behind that of international color TV giants such as Sony and Phillips. However, some large Chinese TV manufacturers have made their products comparable against Japan's JVC, Sharp and Sanyo and Korea's Golden Star, Samsung and Daewoo. For some high tech TV products, some large Chinese manufacturers even have a better record than their above mentioned counterparts. Along with the expanded production capacity and in creasing output, China's color TV production has not only met its domestic needs but also further increased its export volume. China has ended an era in which most of its color TV sets had to be imported from abroad.
China will Refine its Industrial Policies
to Support High Tech Sectors
It was revealed that the state will refine its policies to support the development of the following three sectors:
1. Encourage the development of high and new technology industries
Accelerate the transformation of manufacturing industry with modern technology, techniques and equipment. The state will work out taxation holiday policies for importation of high and new tech equipment and is in the process of formulating industrial technical policies to define the development orientation in an explicit manner and major technology categories for different sectors. In the meanwhile , the state will formulate a number of preferential policies relating to taxation, fund raising and tariff.
2. Vigorously support the development of utility infrastructures
The infrastructures mentioned here may basically grouped into two major sectors: public infrastructures serving for public interests and the ones aiming at reaping economic benefits while taking into account social benefits such as express highway, power grid network, telecommunication, power, water and gas supply and other projects whose net capital return is bigger than zero. The state has published a number of corresponding policies in the spirit of giving quick approval for priority projects, continuously taking advantage of price mechanism, promoting supply and readjusting demand, reorganizing, encouraging competition, attracting foreign investment, especially direct investment, extending BOT approaches and other forms of fund raising and encouraging the participation of non-state-owned sectors in infrastructure development. In the meanwhile, it is necessary for the state to prepare well planned blue print so as to avoid redundant construction, monopoly and excessive competition. How far the sector may go will be determined by the reform of capital raising mechanism. The reform is not only related to project approval system but also to the development of capital market such as industrial investment funds, fund raising among enterprises and priority investment.
3. Promote construction of residential areas so as to realize commercial process of residential buildings.
China's Super VCD Technical Standards
China's Ministry of Information Industry published its first technical standards for Chinese made super VCD machines and made its debut date November 1, 1998.
It is briefed by the officials from the Ministry that the socalled super VCD is an improved advanced VCD system integrated with new designs and features. By taking full advantage of current VCD manufacturing technology and resources and ISO 908 standard for its physical recording format (memory 650 M), the new system has been applied with MPEG2 logical format for its picture processing so as to make the system work out the high resolution compatible with current TV products in the country. It has four sound tracks or two stereo sound tracks. It may also record looping sound effects and handle picture and text overlapping. The machine is of a 2X disc reading speed.
Officials from Ministry of Information Industry added that VCD products manufactured in accordance with the new standards will be named as Super VCD and all manufacturers who producing either CVD or SVCD products shall change in the direction defined by the new standards. To protect consumers interests and regulate the market, discs and players using super VCD technical specifications shall be labeled with unified marks. Authorities concerned will organize supervisions over super VCD products and manufacturers in accordance with the new standards.
China's Synchysis Preservation
of Bovine Embryo
It was reported that during the period from July 3 to August 2, 1998 five cows gave births to 6 hybrid calves in Diqiu Cattle Farm, Linzhang County, Hebei Province. The said development earmarked the successful development of a new biological technology for embryo preservation: synchysis preservation of bovine embryo.
Collaborating with Zhu Shien, an associate professor of China University of Agriculture, the research group headed by Prof. Sang Runzi, Hebei University of Agriculture successfully developed highly efficient and low toxicant vitreous humor made of polymers and ribose. Instead of using expensive embryo freezing humor, the vitreous humor is able to complete the freezing preservation of bovine embryo in a few minutes, which changed the traditional freezing method that may take several hours to complete the process. Started from last October, they have worked on excessive ovulation of eight imported cows. Seven days after being inseminated, embryos were collected non-surgically from cows' uteri. 12 healthy embryos were selected and preserved in vitreous humor. All 12 defrozen embryos that had been kept in liquid nitrogen for 1 to 13 days have been proven usable. The embryos were then transplanted non-surgically into 9 cows with five of them getting pregnant.
New Breakthroughs for Cabbage Growing
The research group headed by Mr. Fang Zhiyuan, an academician of Chinese Academy of Engineering and Director of Institute of Vegetables, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences have developed the dominant male sterile line of cabbages, first of its kind in the world by using internationally advanced research methods and means on the basis of its newly discovered cabbage's dominant male sterile materials. In the meanwhile, they have established a complete process to develop new hybrids by taking advantage of cabbage male sterile line, through which they have developed fine hybrid combinations.
Having discovered male sterile lines 79-399 in natural cabbage community, the group have studied and proved that fact that the infertility of the material is controlled by a pair of major dominant genes. They successfully developed pure dominant sterile lines of stable feature and dominant male sterile line. In the meanwhile, they developed a complete new process of nurturing new generation cabbage by using male sterile line. So far they have successfully screened out next generation hybrids of cabbage through the process and nurtured a number of fine hybrid combinations of early ripening and high yield features. The male sterile line developed by the group is better than that reported so far both at home and abroad with its sterile rate reaching 100% and hybrid rate 100%. The experiment has demonstrated its fine major economic indicators with normal blooming and fruit bearing and without yellowing during sterile period.
Internet Users Top 1M
Users of the Internet in China have grown rapidly, the number of registered customers currently reaching 1.06 million.
So far this year, 400,000 new accounts have been opened, equal to the figure for the whole of last year. Since 1994, when the China Science and Technology Network was linked directly to the Internet, four public servers have been set up .
There are 518,000 computers currently connected to the Internet, among which 78,000 are directly linked with 270,000 users; another 440,000 computers and 79 0,000 users are connected by dialing. More than half of the users are students and people engaged in computer, education and scientific research. However, nearly 30 percent of the users hope to get information about entertainment and recreation. Experts believe that as the Internet becomes more popular, users of the consumption type will become the mainstream.
As the Internet develops in China, information available in Chinese has greatly increased. By the end of May, 8,274 Chinese organizations including enterprises, government departments, scientific research institutions have registered their websites. More and more users are searching for information in Chinese as a Chinese search engine has become available.
Comments or inquiries on editorial matters or Newsletter content should be directed to:Mr. Dong Jianlong, Department of International Cooperation, MOST 15B, Fuxing Road Beijing 100862, PR China Tel: (8610)68512650 Fax: (8610) 68512594, or Mr. Wang Jianping, Editor,NEWSLETTER, 15 Fuxing Road Beijing 100038, PR China, Tel:(8610) 68515544 Ext. 2921
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