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2.R&D Activities

21
 

全国R&D经费19911997
National R&D expenditure

亿元 100 million yuan

 

1991

1992

1993

1994

1995

1996

1997

R&D经费
R&D expenditure

150.8

209.8

256.2

309.8

349.1

404.8

481.9

比上年实际增长%*
Real growth (%)

29.0

6.6

0.6

0.2

9.5

17.6

R&D经费/国内生产总值(%)
GERD/GDP (%)

0.7

0.8

0.7

0.7

0.6

0.6

0.6

*按GDP的缩减指数计算
Calculated by GDP deflator

注:本手册的科技或研究与发展活动的人员与经费数据除包括政府部门属研究与发展机构、大中型工业企业、高等学校外,还包括建筑业、运输邮电业、农业和地质水利业企事业单位的有关数据。

Note: Data on expenditures on and personnel engaged in S&T or R&D activities in this book include those of enterprises or institutions of construction, transportation, post and communications, agriculture, geology and water conservancy industry, as well as R&D institutions subordinated to government departments, large and medium-sized enterprises and institutions of higher learning.

 

 

22
    
全国R&D经费按执行部门分类(1997)
National R&D expenditure by sector
in 100 mil. yuan

23
    
全国R&D经费按活动类型分类(1997)
National R&D expenditure by character of work (in 100 mil. Yuan)

  

24
    
全国R&D人员按执行部门分类(1997)
National R&D personnel by sector

全时工作当量,千人年 FTE in 1000 person·year

 

R&D人员
R&D personnel

 

科学家和工程师
S/E

全国
Total

834.4

590.6

研究与开发机构
R&D institutions

255.3

193.1

企业
Enterprises

321.7

198.5

高等学校
Higher education institutions

165.8

156.9

其他
Others

91.6

42.1

 

 

25
 

部分国家R&D经费
R&D expenditure in selected countries

10亿本国货币单位 Billion of national currency

 

中国China
1997

美国USA
1996

日本
Japan
1995

德国
German
1996

法国
France
1996

英国
UK
1995

俄罗斯Russia
1996

韩国
ROK
1995

巴西
Brazil
1995

R&D经费
R&D expenditure

48.2

184.7

14408.2

80.7

182.2

14.3

19393.9(2)

9440.6

5.96(1)

R&D/GDP(%)

0.64

2.52

2.98

2.28

2.31

2.05

0.86

2.68

0.88

  1. 科技经费支出数据,取自巴西国家科技指标1990-1995
    Total S&T expenditure, from Brazil National S&T Indicators 1990-1995.
  2. 数据来自《俄罗斯联邦各地区科技指标》
    Source: Russian Federation, S&T in the Regions of the Russian Federation.

数据来源:除中国数据和(1,2外,各数据均来自OECD《科学技术统计1997
Source: Main S&T Statistics of OECD 1997, except the data on China and (1),(2).

26
 

部分国家R&D经费按执行部门分类
R&D expenditure in selected countries by sector of performance

数据来源:同表2-5

Source: the same with Table 2-5.

27
 

部分国家R&D人员
R&D personnel in selected countries

 

 

R&D人员(全时工作当量,千人年) R&D personnel (FTE in 1000 person·year)

每万个劳动力中R&D人员
R&D personnel per 10000 labor force

中国 China 1997

834.4

12

日本 Japan 1995

948.1

142

德国 Germany 1995

470.2

119

法国 France 1995

318.4

125

英国 UK 1993

270.0

95

俄罗斯 Russia 1996

990.7

136

韩国 ROK 1995

152.2

73

数据来源:同表2-5

Source: the same with Table 2-5.