CHINA  SCIENCE  AND  TECHNOLOGY
NEWSLETTER
The Ministry of Science and Technology
People's Republic of China

Chinese S&T Minister Met with US S&T Delegation

On June 8, 2009, WAN Gang, Chinese Minister of Science and Technology, met with a US climate change delegation headed by John P. Holdren, Assistant to the President for Science and Technology and Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy, and Todd Stern, U.S. special envoy for climate change. WAN briefed the US Delegation of the
efforts made by the Chinese government in the area of clean energy automobiles, semiconductor illumination, solar energy, clean coal technology including carbon capture storage technology, and adaptation to climate change impacts. WAN said that the Chinese government is willing to work together with the United States on a range of issues, including climate change, energy, environment, biotechnology, and basic research, supporting universities, research institutes, and industries in the two countries to establish joint research centers. WAN also exchanged views with John P. Holdren on having the 13th
China-US joint S&T committee meeting in the second half of the year.

Chinese Vice-Minister Held Talk with French President's Science Advisor

CAO Jianlin, Chinese Vice-Minister of Science and Technology, held talks on June 11, 2009 with Mr. Bernard Belloc, Science Advisor to French President, and his party. Both sides thought highly of S&T cooperation between China and France, and exchanged views on further deepening the collaborations. Both sides agreed to enhance collaborations in the area of energy efficiency and emission reduction, including renewable and new energy and electric automobiles, the area of sustainable development, such as water resources management, and the area of public health concerning newly emerged infectious diseases prevention and control, fusion of Chinese and western medicines, and intestinal genome. A range of major cooperation projects will be initiated for the purpose. Both sides will strengthen the capacity building of the existing joint labs, while encouraging research institutes, universities, and industries in the two countries to establish new joint labs and platforms for long term collaborations. In addition, both sides agreed to raise the level of collaborative R&D activities of industry, universities and research institutes, encouraging scientists to have more collaborations under the European Union's Framework program.     

Dinosaur's Digits Show How Birds Got Wings

Not long ago, an international study team, led by XU Xing, a research fellow at Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology under the Chinese Academy of Sciences, reported a new dinosaur species found in Jurassic rocks in the Junggar Basin in western China. Like many other theropod dinosaurs so far unearthed, the species, named Limusaurus inextricabilisit, had four digits. What surprised scientists is it has a vestigial first digit but a well developed second digit.

Having carefully examined the digit structures of theropod dinosaurs found in the past, XU and coworkers proposed a new scenario to explain the phenomenon. They believed that early theropods lost their first and fifth digits once, andlate theropod dinosaurs "had digits 2, 3 and 4, but that these have long been misidentified as digits 1, 2 and 3", which vastly simplifies the current convoluted evolutionary story. Researchers also for the first time performed dynamic homologous tests in the study. The finding was published in the recent issue of Nature. 

Footprints of Feathered Dinosaurs

XING Lida, a young scientist with Institute of Geology, part of the Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, and coworkers publicized their findings on four fossilized footprints of feathered dinosaurs unearthed in Sihetun, Yi County, Liaoning Province, the first of its kind in the world. Researchers said the footprints having an averaged length of 14cm were left by three dinosaurs that may have had a body length of 1.5m, a regular length for theropod dinosaurs at the time. Researchers reconstructed Caudipteridae and Sinosauropteryx that have been preserved in their best possible manner. Reconstruction has unveiled an encouraging result, showing that the fossilized footprints are very close to the footprints of Caudipteridae. Researchers believe that one may find similar footprints in small and middle sized theropod dinosaurs unearthed across the Yi County, which will eventually provide more evidences for reconstructing dinosaurs’ feet.  

Volcanism and Mass Extinction

A study team, led by LAI Xulong of China University of Geosciences, and a research team, headed by Paul.Wignall with University of Leeds, have reported their findings on the ties between volcanism, mass extinction, and carbon isotope fluctuations in the May 29 issue of Science. As a most direct evidence to confirm the fact that volcanism may result in mass extinction, the finding has enhanced people’s understanding of the impacts of massive volcanic activities on environment, expanding the scope for studying the integrated evolution of lithosphere-biosphere-atmosphere. 

Having studied Emeishan volcanic sites and adjacent areas in southwest China in paleontological, lithological, sediment, and isotope contexts, scientists from the two research teams found that the onset of volcanism was marked by both large phreatomagmatic eruptions and extinctions amongst fusulinacean foraminifers and calcareous algae. The temporal coincidence of these two phenomena supports the idea of a cause-and-effect relationship. They also proved that massive volcanic activities may result in environmental degradation, and hence disturb the marine ecosystem.  

Nuclear Fusion under High Constraint Mode

China HL-2A, a controlled nuclear fusion experimental device

Chinese Southwest Research Institute of Physics has recently operated a controlled nuclear fusion experimental device--the HL-2A under a high-constraint mode. In the past few years, Chinese scientists have improved the experimental conditions of HL-2A, with an enhanced performance. They rolled out the neutral beams with the largest output in the country, and an electron cyclotron resonance heating system, after the realization of diverter discharging in 2003.  The development has resulted in a brand new platform for nuclear fusion studies at a higher level.

200 Teraflops Supercomputer into Official Operation

A Dawning supercomputer, code named 5000A, or Magic Cubic for its nickname, able to work on 200 teraflops, was put into official operation in Shanghai on June 15, 2009.  Jointly developed by National Intelligent Computer R&D Center, part of CAS Institute of Computing Technology, Dawning Information Industry (Beijing), and Shanghai Supercomputing Center, the new system is made up of 42 node racks, 10 internet racks, and 15 storage racks. Applied with AMD quad-core chips, InfinibAnd interconnecting network, and a memory of 500TB, the system has reached 200 trillion floating-point operations per second.

100 Teraflops Supercomputer into Official Operation

Lenovo Shenteng 7000, a 100 teraflops supercomputer derived from the National 863 Program, was recently put into operation, providing computing services at CAS Computer Network Information Center. Jointly developed by Lenovo Group Ltd., Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, and CAS Computer Network Information Center, the supercomputer was completed of its construction in November 2008.

The system has been running smoothly since its trial operation starting from last April, making it the first 100 teraflops supercomputer for practical application in the country. Comparing with its predecessor, Lenovo Shenteng 7000 enjoys a raised operation speed by some 30 times, ranking 19^th place among the top 500 supercomputers in the world. The system has offered its services for a numerous areas, including scientific research, meteorology, industrial manufacturing, traffic control, auto engineering experiments, and earthquake prediction. 

                        Low Speed Levitated Train in Test Run

A proprietary levitated train, jointly developed by Tangshan Railway Vehicle, Beijing Meglev Technology, and National University of Defense Technology to run at a low or medium speed, was rolled off the assembly line and put into test run on June 15, 2009. The train, an improved model of its prototype to run 100-120 km an hour, is made up
of 2 end compartments (100 passengers for each) and 1 middle compartment (120 passengers). Designed to work for 25 years or more, the train with a wide aluminum alloy body is fed with a raised DC power supply from 750v to 1500v. Enjoying numerous merits, including low noise, radiation free, reliable performance, and a slope climbing
capability up to 70‰, it is able to run across complicated urban landscapes, reducing the dismantlement costs for building the rail lines.     

Digital Marine System

China launched a website called iOcean (www.iocean.net.cn) on June 12, 2009, the first digital marine service system open to the public in the country. Applied with internationally advanced 3-D global sphere expression technologies, the system is made of an array of modules for ocean survey and observation, digitized see floor, digitized water body, marine resources, marine forecast, marine military activities, popular marine sciences, polar oceans, and virtual marine aquarium, allowing objective expression of vivid and dynamic natural marine elements and phenomena, including sea floor, water body, sea surface, and islands. For example, the digital sea floor sub-system is able to simulate a 3-D cruise, showing the distribution and geomorphology of major marine trenches, ridges, and basins in the oceans, while the digital water body sub-system simulates marine meteorology, waves, and tides in a dynamic manner. The virtual marine aquarium presents a vivid marine biological world teemed with fishes and corals.

High Value Added Optic Chips

A study team, jointly established by Shanghai SCOP Photonics Technology and Shanghai Xinjueqi Optic Chips, has recently rolled out novel IC chips for optic transmission and self-adaptive optic receivers, based on 10-year efforts. The event marks China’s possession of the state-of-the-art optic chip making technology in the world. As a revolutionary progress in optic transmission applications, the development will facilitate the combined development of radio/TV, internet, and telecommunication network. 

Novel Wind-PV Hybrid Streetlight System

A wind-PV hybrid streetlight system, developed by Shandong University Wind Energy Center using levitation technology, is a noise free wind turbine driven by low speed winds. The proprietary wind turbine enjoys three technical improvements: levitation bearing, variable pitch, and low-speed power generation. Applied with levitation technologies and a unique design, the system is able to rotate and generate power in light breeze.

The proprietary system can be installed in mountainous areas, lakeside, and areas distant from power plants for power generation. It can also be applied in fishermen’s ocean going operations. When applied in a streetlight system, it saves labors and costs for laying power lines and associated maintenance. 

Nano Air Purifier

National Super Fine Powder Engineering Center and Shanghai Jiaotong University have recently rolled out a proprietary nano air purifier able to kill germs through optic catalysis, ultraviolet ray, and dust removal. Designed with a carrier enjoying large surface area and strong absorption, the system decomposes organic pollutants such as formaldehyde and benzene, and kills germs through the combined physical absorption and optic catalysis of a nano-titanium dioxide optic mesh. Apparently, it has found its way to address the saturation of physical absorption and secondary pollution. Test results show that the new system is able to kill 99.9% of the germs in the air, with an organic compound removal rate at 90%, and dust removal rate at 95% or more, both higher than the national standards. 

Designed to automatically regulate air flows based on indoor air quality through an intelligent control system for energy efficiency, the purifier is able to produce forest like fresh air through releasing more than a million of negative oxygen ions a second.  

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